View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
Get link
Facebook
X
Pinterest
Email
Other Apps
Cotter and Knuckle Joints
Get link
Facebook
X
Pinterest
Email
Other Apps
-
Cotter Joints
A temporary fastener used to connect rigidly two co-axial rods (or bars) which are subjected to axial tensile or compressive forces.
Cotter ↣ A flat wedge shaped piece of rectangular cross-section of uniform thickness and its width is tapered for an easy adjustment.It is made of steel.
Used in connecting piston rod to cross-head of reciprocating steam engine.
Inserted ⊥ to the axis of shaft.
Strength of key < Cotter strength ↣ because of removing material.
We add taper on top of key while we add taper on top, bottom but along width side of cotter.
Types of Cotter Joint
1. Sleeve and Cotter Joints
Simplest of all cotter joints and is used to fasten two round rods/bars.
Rectangular cross-section area, tapered both sides along width.
We add cotter pin ⊥ to the axis of shaft and add sleeve to shaft and then add pin.
It has better strength than Socket and Spigot Cotter joint.
Taper in cotter is 1 in 24.
2. Gib and Cotter Joints
It is used to join two square rods but round rods can be joined with suitable modification.
One end of rod is U-fork shaped and the other is of square end.
Gib ↣ C-shaped added to provide strength to joints (for greater load bearing area and holding force between cotter and rods).
Lug ↣ one side of gib is tapered and the other is straight with 2 rectangular projections which get U-shaped rod and rod together then we add cotter pin.
3. Socket and Spigot Cotter Joint
Used to connect 2 circular rods to carry both tensile and compressive loads.
One end is provided with a socket by enlarging its end.
Spigot ↣ Other rod is inserted into socket.
Design of Socket and Spigot Cotter Joint
Knuckle Joint
Mechanical joint used to connect two rods which are under a tensile load.
One of the rod can be positioned through some angle about the plane containing rods.
Cross-section of Knuckle is circular.
It contains two ends, end of one rod is made into fork (double eye) and the other rod end is made into eye.
Pin is inserted and they are held by means of collar and a taper pin.
Design of Knuckle Joint
References:
Material from Class Lectures + Book named Mechanical Engineering Design by Shigley (8th Edition) + my knowledge.
Gear Forming by Machining Formation of gear through machining consists of following methods: Form Milling by Disc Cutter Form Milling by End Mill Cutter Shaper, Planner and Slotter Broaching 1. Form Milling by Disc Cutter It is defined as, " Tooth is cut one by one by plunging the rotating cutter into the blank " . Each gear needs a separate cutter. 8 - 10 standard cutters are available for producing 12 - 120 teeth gears. Used for big spur gears of large pitch. 2. Form Milling by End Mill Cutter It includes the cutting of tooth at a time and then indexed for the next tooth space for cutting. For a small volume production of low precision gears. Set of 10 cutters ↠ 12 - 120 teeth gears . Used for teeth of large gears/module. To reduce cost, same cutter is often used for multiple sized gears resulting in profile errors . Characteristics: Use of Hardened stainless steels (HSS) form milling cutters. Use of Ordinary milling machines. Low production rate (need of indexing...
Mechanical Injection System: Used to inject fuel into the combustion chamber. Fuel speed > air speed at delivery point to atomize fuel. Amount of fuel delivered into the air stream going into the engine is controlled by pump which forces the fuel under pressure. A device used to initiate and control the combustion process is called Mechanical Injection System. Functional Requirements of Injection System: Metering of Fuel: Used to control fuel to meet speed and load requirements of the engine. Injection Timing: Have proper injection timing to obtain max. power, fuel economy and proper burning. It is done by Camshaft or Push rod (Rocker Arm) Mechanism . Proper Control of Injection Rate: To get desired heat release pattern during combustion. Proper Atomization of Fuel: Proper making of droplets to make best Air/Fuel mixture. Proper Spray Pattern: Distribution of droplets to ensure rapid mixing of fuel & air. Uniform Distribut...
View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
Comments
Post a Comment
HI, we wI'll contact you later