View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
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Piping Or Industrial Process Of Piping
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Industrial Process Of Piping:
Industrial process of piping involves the usage of piping to transport fluids between storage tanks and processing equipment.
Types Of Piping:
Plumbing
Civil Piping
Transportation Piping
Uses Of Industrial Piping:
Water
Natural Gas
Electric Power
Specially items like paper pulp or liquid foods
Sewer
Storm drains, etc.
Pipe Drafting:
Pipe can be drawn into two forms Double-line & Single-line. Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of drawings:
Flow Diagrams
Structural and Site plans
Mechanical and Instrumentation Drawings
Iso-Symbols Of Fittings:
It is a mechanical tool which is used to join two or more components together.
Iso-Symbols Of Flanges:
A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system.
Iso-Symbols Of Valves:
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of fluids, fluidised solids, slurries or liquid, by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Isometric Drawing Offsets:
Hatches on isometric drawings being applied, to indicate that a pipe runs at a certain angle and in which direction the pipe runs.
There are two types of offsets:
Horizontal Offset
Vertical Offset
Types Of Valves :
Following are the types of valves used in Mechanical Engineering:
1. Gate Valves:
A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. It doesn't regulate or throttle flow.
2. Globe Valve:
A globe valve is linear motion valve used to stop, start, regulate flow of fluid.
3. Butterfly Valve:
A butterfly valve is a rotary motion valve that is used to start, stop, and regulate fluid flow. It can be easily and quickly operated because a 90-degree rotation of the handle moves the disk from a fully closed to fully opened position.
4. Check Valve:
Check valve are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flow materials in the pipeline.
You should provide video tutorials for Engineering Drawing for the better visualization. That's just to make you realize Engineering is visualization not theoretical. Hope you understand this������
Introduction To Structural OR Concrete Design Beams must have adequate strength against different types of failure which are: Shear more dangerous than Flexural (or Bending) failure because it creates additional tensile stresses. E.g.: Airplane wing (act as cantilever beam ) and made of Nanocomposites, composites, aluminum. Following are the types of failures in Beam: Flexural (or bending) failure Diagonal Tension failure Shear-Tension failure Shear-Compression failure Following are the types of Shear : Longitudinal Shear Transverse Shear Shear Failure Diagonal Tension Failure ↠ Shear failure of reinforced concrete beam (difficult to predict). Only valid for Homogenous beams . When we apply load on beam ↠ Bending as well as Shear stresses are produced. Shear stress have maximum value at Neutral axis N.A. Bending stress have maximum value at Extreme fibers. At maximum bending stress ↠ shear stress = 0 . Assumptions for shear stresses i...
Strain Energy or Resilence It is defined as, " energy absorbed in a body when deformation is done on material " . Depend on Material . Strain Energy Density is defined as, " strain energy per unit volume " . Independent of material . Used to tell which deformation component is greater with direction. If greater in specific direction ↔ crack propagates in that direction. Stress (in Dynamic effect) > Stress (in Static effect) Types of Loading Energy Conservation It states that, " Energy can neither be created nor be destroyed but can transfer in other forms " . We only deal with mechanical energy. External work = internal energy or strain energy . If this external force is in elastic limit, strain energy restores body back to its original undeformed position. Note: For Castigliano's Theorem ↔ See Energy Method . With the application of force on Car chassis , How it behaves? References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Engineering Mec...
Gear Generation by Machining Tooth profile is provided by much simpler form cutting tool through hobbing, gear shaping. It involves the following methods: Gear Hobbing Gear Shaping 1. Gear Hobbing It is defined as, " a machining process in which gear teeth are progressively generated by a series of cuts with a helical cutting tool " . Most accurate machining process. Used for gears production because it has excellent surface finish. Continuous Indexing Process ↠ in which both cutting tool and workpiece rotate in constant relationship while hob is being fed into work. Feed Directions The direction of feed during hobbing operation depends upon the type of gear to be cut. Following are the types of feed directions: Axial Feeding ↠ cutting spur and helical gears (Hob axis is parallel to Blank axis). Radial Feeding ↠ for bevel gears (Hob axis is perpendicular to Blank axis). Tangential Feeding ↠ for worm, straight, spiral...
You should provide video tutorials for Engineering Drawing for the better visualization. That's just to make you realize Engineering is visualization not theoretical. Hope you understand this������
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