View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
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Piping Or Industrial Process Of Piping
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Industrial Process Of Piping:
Industrial process of piping involves the usage of piping to transport fluids between storage tanks and processing equipment.
Types Of Piping:
Plumbing
Civil Piping
Transportation Piping
Uses Of Industrial Piping:
Water
Natural Gas
Electric Power
Specially items like paper pulp or liquid foods
Sewer
Storm drains, etc.
Pipe Drafting:
Pipe can be drawn into two forms Double-line & Single-line. Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of drawings:
Flow Diagrams
Structural and Site plans
Mechanical and Instrumentation Drawings
Iso-Symbols Of Fittings:
It is a mechanical tool which is used to join two or more components together.
Iso-Symbols Of Flanges:
A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system.
Iso-Symbols Of Valves:
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of fluids, fluidised solids, slurries or liquid, by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Isometric Drawing Offsets:
Hatches on isometric drawings being applied, to indicate that a pipe runs at a certain angle and in which direction the pipe runs.
There are two types of offsets:
Horizontal Offset
Vertical Offset
Types Of Valves :
Following are the types of valves used in Mechanical Engineering:
1. Gate Valves:
A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. It doesn't regulate or throttle flow.
2. Globe Valve:
A globe valve is linear motion valve used to stop, start, regulate flow of fluid.
3. Butterfly Valve:
A butterfly valve is a rotary motion valve that is used to start, stop, and regulate fluid flow. It can be easily and quickly operated because a 90-degree rotation of the handle moves the disk from a fully closed to fully opened position.
4. Check Valve:
Check valve are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flow materials in the pipeline.
You should provide video tutorials for Engineering Drawing for the better visualization. That's just to make you realize Engineering is visualization not theoretical. Hope you understand this������
Projection: The term Projection is defined as: Presentation of an image or an object on a surface. The principles used to graphically represent 3-D objects and structures on 2-D media and it based on two variables: Line of Sight. Plane of Projection. Line of Sight & Plane of Projection: Line of sight is divided into 2 types: Parallel Projection Converging Projection & A plane of projection is an imaginary flat plane upon which the image created by the lines of sight is projected. Orthographic Projection: When the projectors are parallel to each other and perpendicular to the plane of projection. The lines pf sight of the observer create a view on the screen. The screen is referred to as the Plane of Projection (POP). The lines of sight are called Projection lines or projectors. Rules of Orthographic Projection: Edges that are parallel to a plane of projection appear as lines. Edges that are inclined to a plan
TAPING CORRECTIONS There are two types of corrections depending upon the type of errors in tape due to the different conditions. 1. Systematic Errors : Slope Erroneous tape length Temperature Tension Sag 2. Random Errors : Slope Alignment Marking & Plumbing Temperature Tension & Sag 1. Temperature Correction It is necessary to apply this correction, since the length of a tape is increased as its temperature is raised, and consequently, the measured distance is too small. It is given by the formula, C t = 𝛼 (T m – T o )L Where, C t = the correction for temperature, in m. 𝛼 = the coefficient of thermal expansion. T m = the mean temperature during measurement. T o = the temperature at which the tape is standardized. L = the measure length in m. For Foot Unit : C t = 6.45×10^-6 (T m – 68 )L For Metric Unit : C t = 1.16
ENGINEERING SURVEY Surveying is the science, art and technology of determine the relative positions of points above, on or beneath the Earth's surface so as to construct a map, plan or description. TYPES OF SURVEY : There are many types of survey but we discuss some of them. 1. Plane & Geodatic Survey : Ordinary field and topographical surveying in which the Curvature of Earth's surface is disregarded is called Plane Survey. It is performed when the area is smaller than 250sq.km. A survey of a large land area in which corrections are made for the Curvature of Earth's surface is called Geodatic survey. Why Geodatic Survey is important? Earth's surface is not flat, it is sphere. So all the calculations which were made by considering the Earth's surface flat are incorrect. So a new type of survey came into play which made calculations on the basis of geodatic condition of Earth's surface. 2. Topographic Survey : Topographic surv
You should provide video tutorials for Engineering Drawing for the better visualization. That's just to make you realize Engineering is visualization not theoretical. Hope you understand this������
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