View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
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Piping Or Industrial Process Of Piping
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Industrial Process Of Piping:
Industrial process of piping involves the usage of piping to transport fluids between storage tanks and processing equipment.
Types Of Piping:
Plumbing
Civil Piping
Transportation Piping
Uses Of Industrial Piping:
Water
Natural Gas
Electric Power
Specially items like paper pulp or liquid foods
Sewer
Storm drains, etc.
Pipe Drafting:
Pipe can be drawn into two forms Double-line & Single-line. Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of drawings:
Flow Diagrams
Structural and Site plans
Mechanical and Instrumentation Drawings
Iso-Symbols Of Fittings:
It is a mechanical tool which is used to join two or more components together.
Iso-Symbols Of Flanges:
A flange is a method of connecting pipes, valves, pumps and other equipment to form a piping system.
Iso-Symbols Of Valves:
A valve is a device that regulates the flow of fluids, fluidised solids, slurries or liquid, by opening, closing, or partially obstructing various passageways.
Isometric Drawing Offsets:
Hatches on isometric drawings being applied, to indicate that a pipe runs at a certain angle and in which direction the pipe runs.
There are two types of offsets:
Horizontal Offset
Vertical Offset
Types Of Valves :
Following are the types of valves used in Mechanical Engineering:
1. Gate Valves:
A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. It doesn't regulate or throttle flow.
2. Globe Valve:
A globe valve is linear motion valve used to stop, start, regulate flow of fluid.
3. Butterfly Valve:
A butterfly valve is a rotary motion valve that is used to start, stop, and regulate fluid flow. It can be easily and quickly operated because a 90-degree rotation of the handle moves the disk from a fully closed to fully opened position.
4. Check Valve:
Check valve are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flow materials in the pipeline.
You should provide video tutorials for Engineering Drawing for the better visualization. That's just to make you realize Engineering is visualization not theoretical. Hope you understand this������
ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY Accurate hydrographic survey and nautical charts yields many social benefits and contribute alot in making our life even more luxurious. 1.Safety of navigation is the single most important result of hydrography. This allows ships to safely travel in and out of ports, saving lives and property and protecting the environment. 2. National Security requires that navies successfully navigate coastal waterways. 3. Maritime commerce drives the global economy and depends on safety of navigation. 4. Humanitarian relief in the aftermath of a natural disaster frequently arrives on a ship. Until a clear and safe route to shore is established by hydrographers, supplies cannot reach those in need. 5. Environmental management in coastal areas depends on knowledge of changes in the marine environment. Hydrographic surveys determine changes to bathymetry and seafloor characteristics. 6. Commercial fishing uses nautical charts...
Mechanical Properties : Strength of material depends on the ability to sustain load without deformation and failure. Measure of Stress ⇔ defines the Strength of material . Measure of Strain ⇔ gives magnitude of Deformation . Applications: Aircraft Manufacturing ⇔ Aluminium alloys or Carbon-reinforced composites are used (because of light weight, strength and able to withstand cyclic mechanical loading ). Honey based composites. Steel used in building (have adequate strength ). Bio-compatible Titanium alloy ⇔ for Bone implantment (have strength and toughness). Scratch Resist coating ⇔ resist abrasion on Optical lenses . Modes of Failure: Abrasion ⇔ Damaging material by means of rubbing . Erosion ⇔ Removing of surface particles due to the hitting of high velocity particles (which transfer K.E.). Corrosion ⇔ Oxidation of metal. Steps for Selection of Mate...
TAPING CORRECTIONS There are two types of corrections depending upon the type of errors in tape due to the different conditions. 1. Systematic Errors : Slope Erroneous tape length Temperature Tension Sag 2. Random Errors : Slope Alignment Marking & Plumbing Temperature Tension & Sag 1. Temperature Correction It is necessary to apply this correction, since the length of a tape is increased as its temperature is raised, and consequently, the measured distance is too small. It is given by the formula, C t = 𝛼 (T m – T o )L Where, C t = the correction for temperature, in m. 𝛼 = the coefficient of thermal expansion. T m = the mean temperature during measurement. T o = the tempe...
You should provide video tutorials for Engineering Drawing for the better visualization. That's just to make you realize Engineering is visualization not theoretical. Hope you understand this������
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