Radiation Heat Transfer

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View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge.  Photoshoped pics  are developed.  Some pics and GIF from Google.   Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
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Advantages of Hydrographic Survey

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ADVANTAGES OF HYDROGRAPHIC SURVEY

Accurate hydrographic survey and nautical charts yields many social benefits and contribute alot in making our life even more luxurious.
1.Safety of navigation is the single most important result of hydrography. This allows ships to safely travel in and out of ports, saving lives and property and protecting the environment.
 
2. National Security requires that navies successfully navigate coastal waterways.
3. Maritime commerce drives the global economy and depends on safety of navigation.
4. Humanitarian relief in the aftermath of a natural disaster frequently arrives on a ship. Until a clear and safe route to shore is established by hydrographers, supplies cannot reach those in need.
5. Environmental management in coastal areas depends on knowledge of changes in the marine environment. Hydrographic surveys determine changes to bathymetry and seafloor characteristics.
6. Commercial fishing uses nautical charts and other hydrographic products to locate fishing grounds and navigate safely.
7. Lower insurance costs . Updated nautical charting information can lead to a potential reduction in insurance cost for commercial and private shipping companies, marinas, and port and harbor authorities.

References:

  • Combined project on Hydrographic Survey by Taha Nasir, Rameez, Anas & Talha Shafique.

Comments

  1. sohailSeptember 5, 2019 at 12:51 AM

    You are doing a great job.

    ReplyDelete
  2. AnonymousJanuary 1, 2020 at 8:43 AM

    Please let me know if i want to get my land a survey what would it be? And do you have any idea about how much money would it cost?

    ReplyDelete

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