View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
Get link
Facebook
Twitter
Pinterest
Email
Other Apps
Intersection Of Solids
Get link
Facebook
Twitter
Pinterest
Email
Other Apps
-
Intersection Of Solids:
Solids are obtained by the combination of of two or more basic solids. When two or more solids combine, a definite curve/line is seen at their intersection. This curve/line is called curve/line of intersection (COI / LOI) and it is the result of inter-penetration of solids.
Applications Of Intersection Of Solids:
Designing a sheet metal objects.
Automobile Parts.
Moulding patterns.
Forged end of connecting road.
Intersection of two contacting surface, etc.
Inter-Penetration Of Solids:
When one solids penetrates another solids then their surfaces intersect and at the junction of intersection a typical curve is formed, which remains common to both solids. This curve is called Curve of Intersection and it is a result of inter-penetration of solids.
Cases Of Intersection Of Solids:
First we need to discuss the general solution steps of how we draw intersection of solids diagram. So know, we are going to discuss the basic steps:
One solids will be standing on HP and the other will penetrate horizontally.
Draw three views of standing solid, name views as per the illustrations.
Beginning with side view, draw three views of penetrating solids also, mark number of points and name those.
The points which are on the standard generators or edges of standing solids, (in S.V) can be marked on respective generators in F.V and T.V. And other points from S.V should be brought to T.V first and then projecting upward to F.V.
dark and dotted line's decision should be taken by observation side view from it's right side as shown by arrows. Accordingly those should be joined by curvature or straight lines.
Example # 01:
A cylinder 50 mm dia and 70 mm axis is completely penetrated into another of 40 mm dia and 70 mm axis horizontally. Both axes intersect and bisect each other. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Example # 02:
A cylinder 50 mm dia and 70 mm axis is completely penetrated square prism of 25 mm sides and 70 mm axis horizontally. Both axes intersect and bisect each other. All faces of prism are equally inclined to HP. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Example # 03:
A cone of 70 mm base diameter and 90 mm axis is completely penetrated square prism from top with its axis // to cone's axis 5 mm away from it. A vertical plane containing both axes is parallel to V.P. Take all faces of square prism equally inclined to V.P. Base side of prism is 10 mm and axis is 100 mm long. Draw projections showing curves of intersections.
Principle Of Linear Impulse And Momentum : The basis of principle of linear impulse and momentum is given by: The above equation can be written as: The above equation is called Principle of Linear and Momentum. Impulse measures the effect of force during small time period 'dt'. Momentum (is the strength of motion ) is associated with the states of process. Impulse are associated with process caused by external force. For System Of Particles: For system of particles, the principle of linear impulse and momentum is written as the summation for number of particles: Here, Individual Particle Velocity (Vi) = Velocity of center of mass (Vg). Summation Of individual particle (mi) = Total mass of body (m). Conservation Of Linear Momentum For System Of Particles : If the sum of external impulse of the system of particles is zero, then Principle of linear momentum and impulse becomes: There are two types of force on the basis of Impulse whic
Cotter Joints A temporary fastener used to connect rigidly two co-axial rods (or bars) which are subjected to axial tensile or compressive forces. Cotter ↣ A flat wedge shaped piece of rectangular cross-section of uniform thickness and its width is tapered for an easy adjustment.It is made of steel . Used in connecting piston rod to cross-head of reciprocating steam engine. Inserted ⊥ to the axis of shaft. Strength of key < Cotter strength ↣ because of removing material . We add taper on top of key while we add taper on top, bottom but along width side of cotter. Types of Cotter Joint 1. Sleeve and Cotter Joints Simplest of all cotter joints and is used to fasten two round rods/bars . Rectangular cross-section area, tapered both sides along width. We add cotter pin ⊥ to the axis of shaft and add sleeve to shaft and then add pin. It has better strength than Socket and Spigot Cotter joint . Taper in cotter is 1 in 24 . 2. Gib and Cotter Joints It is used to join two square rod
Rankine Cycle Rankine cycle is an ideal cycle for Vapour Power Cycles and is normally used for Electricity Generation. The Rankine cycle consist of following steps: 1 ↝ 2 : Isentropic Compression in Pump. 2 ↝ 3 : Constant Pressure Heat Addition in Boiler. 3 ↝ 4 : IsentropicExpansion in Turbine. 4 ↝ 1 : Constant Pressure Heat Rejection in Condenser. Energy Balance: Since, all the devices which Rankine Cycle posses are steady flow devices, so the energy balance for Rankine cycle is: 》For Pump ( q = 0 ): 》For Boiler ( w = 0 ): 》For Turbine ( q = 0 ): 》For condenser ( w = 0 ): The thermal efficiency of Rankine Cycle is: How can we Increase the Efficiency of A Rankine Cycle: The efficiency of a Rankine cycle can be increased: Increasing the avg. temperate at which heat is added Decreasing the avg. Temperature at which heat is rejected. The above two objectives can be achieved by following three methods: 1. By
Comments
Post a Comment
HI, we wI'll contact you later