View Factor Orientation (or View factor or shape factor) plays an important role in radiation heat transfer. View factor is defined as, "fraction of radiation leaving surface 'i' and strike 'j' ". Summation Rule (View Factor) If there is are similar surfaces 'i' and 'j' , then: Blackbody Radiation Exchange Radiation Exchange between Opaque, Diffuse, Gray surfaces in an Enclosure 1. Opaque 2. Surfaces 3. Two surface enclosure Radiation Shield It is used to protect surfaces from radiation act like a reflective surface. References: Material from Class Lectures + Book named Fundamentals of Heat and Mass Transfer by Theodore L. Bergman + My knowledge. Photoshoped pics are developed. Some pics and GIF from Google. Videos from YouTube ( Engineering Sights ).
It is the study of mechanics of body i.e. forces and their effects on deformable solids under different loading conditions.
Deformable Body Mechanics:
It is the study of non-rigid solid structures which deform under load.
Deformation/Distortion ⇾ change of shape and size OR have some relative displacement or rotation of particles. It happens when we apply combined load.
Rigid Body Motion ⇾ Translation or rotation of particles but having constant distance between particles.
Since deformation occur at particular load. Below this load, every body is considered as rigid body.
Types of Load:
Point Load ⇾ Load apply on a single point i.e. concentrated load.
Uniformly Distributed Load (UDL) ⇾ Load remains uniform throughout an area of element like beam.
Varying Distributed Load (VDL) ⇾ Load varies with length with constant rate.
Moment ⇾ It measures the tendency of a body to rotate.
Distribution Of Forces:
Normal Force (N) ⇾ Force applied perpendicular to the area and is developed when external loads tend to push or pull the body.
Shear Force (V) ⇾ Force applied parallel to the area and is developed when external loads tend to slide.
Torsional Moment OR Torque (T) ⇾ External Force tends to twist a body.
Bending Moment (M) ⇾ External loads that tend to bend due to transverse loading.
Important Terms:
Transverse Loading ⇾ Load applied perpendicular to the axis of body.
Supports ⇾ Elements used to restrict motion of member.
Reactions⇾ These are forces produced due to those restrictions.
Degree of Freedom (DOF) ⇾ Number of independent coordinates in which an object can move.
Equilibrium of Forces ⇾ It prevents body from translating and having accelerated motion.
Equilibrium of Moment ⇾ It prevents body from rotating.
Procedure of Analysis:
Resultant internal force are required and can be found by the Method of Sections (require determinations of support reactions and resultant internal loads using equilibrium equations).
Steps are as follows:
Draw free-body diagrams using all external distributed loadings, couple moments, torques, forces at exact locations.
Determination of support reactions.
Determination of resultant internal force and moments using equilibrium equations.
References:
Material from Class Lectures + Book named Engineering Mechanics of Materials by R.C. Hibbeler (10th Edition) + my knowledge.
Reynolds Number: Reynolds Number is the ratio of Inertial forces to the Viscous forces. By knowing this number, one can describe the flow whether the flow is laminar, turbulent or transitional flow. There are three possibilities of the range of Reynolds Number: If Reynolds number < 2100 or 2300 ⟺ Laminar Flow If Reynolds number > 4000 ⟺ Turbulent Flow If 2300 < Reynolds number < 4000 ⟺ Transitional Flow In case of different shapes other than circle, the formula for Reynolds Number remain the same however diameter involves in the formula become Hydraulic Diameter which is given by: For pipe: Critical Reynolds Number ⟾ The Reynolds number at which the flow becomes turbulent Re cr For different shapes, the hydraulic diameters are given by: Completely Filled Flow In Closed Channel: If pipe is is considered to filled completely with closed channel, then following are the conditions which...
Intersection Of Solids: Solids are obtained by the combination of of two or more basic solids. When two or more solids combine, a definite curve/line is seen at their intersection. This curve/line is called curve/line of intersection (COI / LOI) and it is the result of inter-penetration of solids. Applications Of Intersection Of Solids: Designing a sheet metal objects. Automobile Parts. Moulding patterns. Forged end of connecting road. Intersection of two contacting surface, etc. Inter-Penetration Of Solids: When one solids penetrates another solids then their surfaces intersect and at the junction of intersection a typical curve is formed, which remains common to both solids. This curve is called Curve of Intersection and it is a result of inter-penetration of solids. Cases Of Intersection Of Solids: First we need to discuss the general solution steps of how we draw intersection of solids diagram. So know, we are going to discuss the basic steps:...
Types Of Lines And Its Uses: There are three types of types on the basis of thickness and they are: Visible Lines ↝ It represents features that can be seen in the current view. Hidden Lines ↝ It represents features that cannot be seen in the current view. Center Line ↝ It represents symmetry, path of motion, centers of circles,, axis of asymmetrical parts. Dimension and Extension Lines ↝ It indicates the sizes and location of features on a drawing. Placement Of Dimension Lines: Dimension should be outside the view. Dimension should be applied to one view. Dimension should be placed in a view that shows the distance in its true length. Dimension lines should be placed, in general 10 mm (1/2 in) away from the outlines from the view. Parallel lines should be placed uniformly. Values should be midway (auto centered) between the arrow heads, except when a center-line interferes. Dime...
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